G

G for gateway

abbreviation / acronyms	Term	Definition
G	giga	Prefix for 10 power 9 (or, in IT parlance, 2 power 30)
G2C	Government to Citizen	Lagan's underlying platform for the Government CRM solution for contact centers and citizen self-service
GAIA	GUI Application Interoperability Architecture	GAIA is acronym of GUI Application Interoperability Architecture
GAMS	General Algebraic Modeling System	high-level modeling system for mathematical programming problems. The program itself consists of a language compiler and a group of integrated solvers.
GAP	Groups, Algorithms and Programming	A System for Computational Discrete Algebra, with particular emphasis on Computational Group Theory. http://www.gap-system.org/
GAPE	Google Apps Premier Edition	Google's web-based messaging and collaboration apps require no hardware or software and need minimal administration, creating tremendous time and cost savings for businesses. http://www.google.com/apps/intl/en/business/details.html
GARP	Generic Address Resolution Protocol	An IEEE standard for a generic method by which various devices (e.g., clients, servers, and bridges) can automatically disseminate attribute information across a bridged LAN. GARP is a Layer 2 (i.e. Data Link Layer) protocol used extensively in VLANs.
Gas	GNU Assembler	the default GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) back-end and is used to compile Linux and other operating systems such as the GNU operating system. It is a part of the GNU Binutils package. It runs and assembles on and for a number of different architectures.
gb	Giga bit	1,024 megabits or 1 billion information bits.
GB	Gigabyte	Approximately 1 billion bytes of data (actually 1,073,741,824 bytes)
GBIC	GigaBit Interface Converter	A transceiver that converts between electrical and optical signals for high-speed networking
GBP	group buffer pool	A coupling facility cache structure that is used by a data sharing group to cache data and to ensure that the data is consistent for all members.
Gbps	gigabits per second	A measure of data transmission speed
GCC	GNU Compiler Collection	the free compiler that made the free Linux operating system possible. The GCC C/C++ language tools support the cross-compiler requirements for a number of target processors families and their variants.
GCD	Grand Central Dispatch	a technology for executing asynchronous tasks concurrently. GCD is available in Mac OS X v10.6 and later and is not available in iPhone OS.
GCG	Grey Component Replacement	A technique for replacing all the neutral tones of an image with an appropriate amount of black.
GCGID	graphic character global identifier	A 4- to 8-character alphanumeric identifier assigned to a registered graphic character. Each graphic character that is to be assigned a code point must have a GCGID.
GCI	General Communication Inc.	a telecommunications corporation operating in Alaska http://www.gci.com/
GD&T	geometric dimensioning and tolerancing	a symbolic language used on engineering drawings and computer generated three-dimensional solid models (CAD) for explicitly describing nominal geometry and its allowable variation.
GDB	GNU debugger	GNU debugger
GDI	Graphics Device Interface	GDI provides a common set of drawing routines (including both text and graphics). The GDI can be used to draw to most devices, such as screens, printers, plotters or bitmap images. Central to the GDI is the concept of a Device Context (DC) which is a handle to the specific device to be written to.
GDM	global delivery model	the model of applications testing services
GDP	Gateway Discovery Protocol	Gateway Discovery Protocol
GDPS	Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex	An application that integrates Parallel Sysplex technology and remote copy technology to enhance application availability and improve disaster recovery.
GDS	Global data synchronization	consists of technology and applications used to receive, approve and manage product, price, forecast, promotion and contract data from suppliers via the GDSN, in support of standards from the Global Commerce Initiative.
GDSN	Global Data Synchronization Network	Global Data Synchronization Network
GDTs	Global data types	The enterprise service interface is defined based on standard data types, and GDTs are the basic data building blocks.
GEAR	Gigabyte Enhanced Agp Riser	Used to provide AGP support for PCI-E motherboards
GEDCOM	GEnealogical Data COMmunication	A common file format used to exchange computerized genealogical data between different genealogy programs.
GEMMS	Global Enterprise Manufacturing Management System	A process manufacturing product once offered by Datalogix (which was acquired by Oracle in 1997).
GEnie	General Electric Network for Information Exchange	An online service from GE Information Services, with news, sports, business, computer technical support, games, software downloads, reference services, chat, bulletin boards, email, and fax.
GEO / GEOS	Geo-Stationary Earth Orbit System	A system that communicates with satellites in geosynchronous orbit some 22,300 miles above the earth.
GEOS	graphic environment operating system	a lightweight OS with a GUI. It runs on several different processors, including the 65xx, the x86 and numerous different PDAs, embedded devices, and hand-held machines.
GERAN	GSM(GPRS)/EDGE Radio Access Network	the 3GPP standards for GSM(GPRS)/EDGE radio access, which has been specified to connect the A, Gb and Iu interfaces to the CN (Core Network). The architecture allows two BSS (Base Station Subsystem) to be connected to each other.
gfortran	GNU Fortran compiler	GNU Fortran compiler is part of the GNU compiler collection. http://gcc.gnu.org/fortran/
GFP	Generic Framing Procedure	a multiplexing technique defined by ITU-T G.7041. This allows mapping of variable length, higher-layer client signals over a transport network like SDH/SONET.
GFS	Grandfather, Father, Son	Backup methodology
GGP	Gateway-gateway protocol	protocol on the Internet.
GGSN	Gateway GPRS Support Node	a gateway from a cellular network to an IP network that allows mobile cell phone users to access the public data network (PDN) or specified private IP networks.
GHC	Glasgow Haskell Compiler	also known as Glorious Haskell Compiler, is an open source native code compiler for the functional programming language Haskell which was developed at the University of Glasgow.
Ghost	General Hardware-Oriented Software Transfer	a disk cloning program, originally produced by Binary Research, but purchased by Symantec in 1998.
GIAC	Global Information Assurance Certification	Certification programs designed to serve the people who are or will be responsible for managing and protecting important information systems and networks. See also http://www.giac.org/
GiB / gib	gibibyte	1,073,741, 824 bytes. 1024 mebibytes.
GID	group identification number	A 4 byte, unsigned integer (GID) that is used to identify a group profile.
GIF	Graphic Interchange Format	A common format for image files, especially suitable for images containing large areas of the same color. GIF format files of simple images are often smaller than the same file would be if stored in JPEG format, but GIF format does not store photographic images as well as JPEG.
GIFT	GNU Image Finding Tool	a Content Based Image Retrieval System (CBIRS). The GIFT is based on Viper, the result of a research effort at the Vision Group at the computer science center of the University of Geneva. The GIFT is an open framework for content-based image retrieval. It is designed to accommodate new ways of querying the framework.
GIGO	Garbage In, Garbage Out.	It means that if invalid data is entered in a computer program, the resulting output will also be invalid. So if a program asked you to enter a letter of the alphabet and you decided to be funny and enter "3.14159", there's a good chance the results you would get back would be pretty messed up, or "garbage." Because we computer users aren't always smart enough to enter valid data, programmers have to take extensive mesaures to prevent GIGO errors.
GIMP	Gnu Image Manipulation Program	Freely distributed piece of software suitable for such tasks as photo retouching, image composition and image authoring. See www.gimp.org
GINA	Graphical Identification and Authentication	the subsystem that handles the logon presentation to the user. The Microsoft GINA is represented by the logon screen that pops up on the PC when the user presses Ctrl+Alt+Delete.
GINI	Gateway Interface for Network Initialization	A process on large Enterprise systems to set up an entire network from another network.
GIOP	General Inter-ORB Protocol	A protocol that Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) uses to define the format of messages.
GIS	Geographical Information System	A computer application involving maps and the storage and manipulation of data associated with them.
GIX	Global Internet eXchange	A routing exchange point that helps networks all over the world to connect to the Internet.
GKTMP	Gatekeeper Transaction Message Protocol	A proprietary Cisco protocol used for communication between the Cisco IOS Gatekeeper and external applications.
GLA	Generic Log Adapter	A tool that allows generic data collection from multiple heterogeneous data sources by converting individual records and events into the Common Base Event format.
GLB / GLBA	Gramm-Leach-Bliley (Act)	covers the financial services industry, basically defining financial institutions as depository institutions and their holding companies, security firms and broker/dealers.
GLONASS	Global Navigational Satellite System	A satellite-based geographic-location system run by the Russian government.
GLPK	GNU Linear Programming Kit	a software package intended for solving large-scale linear programming (LP), mixed integer programming (MIP), and other related problems.
GLUT	openGL Utility Toolkit	a window system independent toolkit for writing OpenGL programs. It implements a simple windowing API for OpenGL
GMA	Gmail Drive	A free shell namespace extension ("add-on") for Microsoft Windows Explorer, makes it possible to create a new network share on the workstation. In order to use this add-on, you need a Gmail account from Google Gmail.
GMM	GPRS Mobility Management	a GPRS signaling protocol that handles mobility issues such as roaming, authentication, and selection of encryption algorithms.
GMR	Giant Magneto Resistance	A technology for a read/write head which uses thin film layers to get a greater change in resistance, and is more sensitive than MR (Magneto Resistance).
GMRP	Garp Multicast Registration Protocol	It allows a device to declare membership of a Layer 2 multicast group
GMRS	General Mobile Radio Service	GMRS has been transformed from the now antiquated Class A section of the Citizens Radio Service to the personal radio service available for conducting an individual's personal and family communications.
GMS	generalized main scheduling General MIDI Standard Global Messaging Service Google Message Security	A set of algorithms that allow the system programmer to tailor job scheduling and selection to the specific needs of the installation. A standard designation of specific instruments to specific MIDI patch locations, so that a composition produced on one system will sound the same when played on another Novell service. Google services that protect your email from spam and viruses and set email policies to stay compliant. www.google.com/postini/
GMSK	Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying	a modulation technique involving Gaussian filtering of the input data prior to its application to the phase modulator.
GMX	Global Mail eXchange, in Germany: Global Message eXchange	GMX Mail is a German-based free webmail service provided by GMX.http://www.gmx.com/
GNAT	GNU NYU Ada Translator	the GNU Ada Compiler based on GNU Compiler Collection (GCC). The front-end and runtime are written in Ada, and are licensed using the General Public License.
GNN	Global Network Navigator	A collection of free services on the Internet, including The Whole Internet Catalog, the Internet Help Desk, and NetNews.
GNOME	GNU Network Object Model Environment	the most popular graphical desktop environment for Linux, based on the X WINDOW SYSTEM and similar in look and feel to Windows 95 and 2000
GNSO	Generic Names Supporting Organization	ICANN Supporting Organization responsible for developing policy for the DNS gnso.icann.org
GNU	GNU's not Unix	An ongoing project by the Free Software Foundation to create a free, freely distributable, set of UNIX like utilities. Relevant links: www.gnu.org
GOCA	Graphic Object Content Architecture	An architecture that provides a collection of graphics values and control structures used to interchange and present graphics data.
GOLC	Growth Opportunity License Charge	An IBM software pricing program.
GOMS	Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection rules	a kind of specialized human information processor model for human computer interaction observation.
GOPS	Giga (billion) Operations Per Second	A unit of measurement of computing speed.
GOS	Grade of Service	a measure of the success a subscriber is expected to have in accessing a network to complete a call.
GOSIP	Government OSI Profile	A standard issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. GOSIP specifies the details of an interoperable OSI configuration for networking products procured by the U.S. government.
GOW	Gears of War God of War	Gears of War is a military science fiction third-person shooter video game developed by Epic Games and published by Microsoft Game Studios. http://www.gearsofwar.com/ God of War is an action adventure video game for the PlayStation 2 first released by Sony Computer Entertainment's Santa Monica division in March 2005. http://www.godofwar.com/
GPF	General Protection Fault	an error that arises in Microsoft Windows when a program tries to access a location in memory that is not allocated to it. GPFs are usually caused by programming errors such as uninitialized pointers.
GPL	General Public License	Normally taken to the mean the GNU GPL. A license statement from GNU, used on most of their software and on many free software packages from other sources. www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html - Full text of the GNU General Public License.
GPIO	general-purpose I/O	Customizable input/output pins on a microcontroller.
GPO	Group Policy Object	In the Windows 2000 operating system, a GPO is a collection of settings that define what a system will look like and how it will behave for a defined group of users. Microsoft provides a program snap-in that allows you to use the Group Policy MMC.
GPRS	general packet radio service	GPRS is a packet-oriented overlay to GSM networks supporting connection- and connectionless-oriented services and diverse quality-of-service mechanisms. The theoretical maximum speed is 171.2 Kbps, but real-life user throughput is expected to be 56 Kbps or less.
GPS	Global Positioning System GNAT Programming Studio	a satellite navigation system used to determine ground position and velocity (location, speed, and direction). Though it was created and originally used by the U.S. military, GPS is now available to the general public all over the world. a free multi-language IDE for GNU/Linux, MS Windows and Solaris/Sparc. GPS uses GTK+ as graphical user interface.
GPSL	General Purpose Scripting Language	General Purpose Scripting Language
GPSS	General Purpose Simulation System	A powerful general purpose simulator which provides a wide range of capacities for discrete system modeling.
GPU	Graphics Processing Unit	Like the CPU (Central Processing Unit), it is a single-chip processor. However, the GPU is used primarily for computing 3D functions.
GPWW	group practice without walls	An umbrella organization for a group of independent physician practices that performs certain business operations, such as technology procurement.
GRC	governance, risk and compliance	GRC reflects a new way in which organizations can adopt an integrated approach to these three areas.
GRCM	GRC management	the management, measurement and reporting of IT controls, and the distribution and attestation of policies, compliance reporting and risk assessment.
GRC.SQ	Governance, Risk Management, Compliance, Security, and Data Quality	used often by Data Governance and Data Quality programs to acknowledge the interdependencies of these five disciplines in managing data.
GRE	generic routing encapsulation	Tunneling protocol developed by Cisco that can encapsulate a wide variety of protocol packet types inside IP tunnels, creating a virtual point-to-point link to Cisco routers at remote points over an IP internetwork.
grep	global-regular-expression-print	a UNIX utility that allows the user to search one or more files for a specific string of text and outputs all the lines that contain the string.
GROW	GNU Remote Operations Web	An architecture for building networked applications and services using WWW.
GRT	Granular Recovery Technology	a single-pass backup while maintaining full DR and individual email, folder or mailbox restores
GSAM	generalized sequential access method	A database access method that allows batch application programs to access a sequential data set record that is defined as a database record.
GSC	Gecko System Connect	a bus used in many of the HP 9000 workstations and servers. The GSC bus was 32-bit and reached 40MHz in its final iterations.
GSI	Gigascale Integration	Gigascale integration is a long-term goal of making chips with billions of components on them.
GSK	Global Security Kit	A toolkit for managing digital certificates used in implementing Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) security.
GSM	Global System for Mobile communication	Acronym for the digital cellular radio system based on pan-European specifications. Originally stood for Groupe Speciale Mobile, now Global System for Mobile communication.
GSO	global sign-on	A flexible single sign-on solution that enables the user to provide alternative user names and passwords to the back-end Web application server.
GSR	Gigabit Switch Router	A family of router products from Cisco Systems.
GTL	Gunning Transceiver Logic	A low-power standard for electrical signals used in CMOS circuits which allows for low electromagnetic interference at high speeds of transfer.
GTM	global trade management Global Traffic Manager	the processes and technologies used to support the unique logistical, regulatory, and fnancial aspects of the import and export processes. F5 product to perform geography-based datacenter traffic management
GTP	GPRS Tunneling Protocol	protocol used by the GPRS backbone network for packet switching. GTP is a protocol defined on both the Gn and Gp interfaces between GSNs in a GPRS network.
GTS	Generic Traffic Shaping	A mechanism to control the traffic flow on a particular interface.
GTT	Global Title Translation	GTT is a process that allows dialed digits to be translated into a network node address and an application address. The process is performed in the SS7 network by the STP.
GUA	graphical user authentication	A graphical password is an authentication system that works by having the user select from images, in a specific order, presented in a GUI.
GUI	Graphical User Interface	Pronounced goo-ee. A pictorial 'front end' program to simplify the operation of computers like the IBM PC and the Apple Macintosh. Documents are stored in pictures ('icons') of drawers or filing cabinets (which represent files or directories in disk drives).
GUID	Globally Unique Identifier	a 128-bit number used by Microsoft WINDOWS to identify a user, software component, or other entity. GUIDs are most often written as groups of hexadecimal digits in braces.
GUTBN	Globally Unique Time Based Number	applies to a "code" that is unique in all the world. Globally unique time based numbers are globally unique identifiers (GUID) that you can create by yourself and that are registered for you.
GVN	Global value numbering	compiler optimization based on the SSA intermediate representation. It sometimes helps eliminate redundant code that common subexpression evaluation (CSE) does not.
GVPN	Global Virtual Network Service	Global Virtual Network Service is a multi-network international service proposed by the ITU. GVNS allows service providers to offer subscribing customers a service with features and functionality similar to that of a private network without requiring the customers to purchase and manage the networks.
GVRP	Generic VLAN Resolution Protocol	a GARP application that provides registration services in a VLAN context.
GVU	Graphic, Visualization, and Usability	Graphic, Visualization, and Usability
GWEN	Ground Wave Emergency Network	communications system that the US military constructs. It operates in a very-low-frequency range, with transmissions between 150 and 175 kHz.
GWT	Google Web Toolkit	Open source Java software development framework that makes writing AJAX applications like Google Maps and Gmail easy for developers who don't speak browser quirks as a second language
GXA	Global XML Web Services Architecture	an announcement by Microsoft in 2002 of several proposals for extensions to SOAP. Some of the components of GXA were developed into standards in combination with other companies, including IBM.
GXS	Global eXchange Services	delivers global B2B e-commerce integration solutions www.gxs.com
gzip	GNU zip	a GNU free software file compression program. It was created by Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler. gzip is based on the DEFLATE algorithm, which is a combination of LZ77 and Huffman coding.
	G.7xx	A series of ITU standards for voice and data communications. e.g. G.703: Specifications for plesiochronous digital hierarchy
	gain	Gain refers to the ratio of the output amplitude of a signal to the input amplitude of a signal. This ratio typically is expressed in dBs.
	gamma	The curve that describes how the middle tones of your images appear. Often incorrectly referred to as "brightness" and/or "contrast", gamma is a non-linear function. Changing the value of the gamma affects middle tones while leaving the white and black of the image alone. Used to compensate for differences between Macintosh and PC monitors.
	gateway	A hardware or software set-up that translates between two dissimilar protocols A link from one computer system to a different computer system.
	Gesture Recognition	involves determining the movement of a user's fingers, hands, arms, head or body in three dimensions through the use of a camera; or via a device with embedded sensors that may be worn, held or body-mounted.
	Ghost site	a Web site that remains live but is no longer updated or maintained or only done so very infrequently.
	Go Daddy	Go Daddy is an Internet domain registrar and Web hosting company that also sells e-business related software and services. http://www.godaddy.com/
	googling	searching through the Google search engine
	Googol	1 googol = 10 raised to the power 100. The number was named in 1983 by Milton Sirotta after his uncle (the mathematician Edward Kasner) asked him to think up a name for the number. The search engine Google is rumoured to be named as a play on the word Googol.
	Gopher	A consistent user interface and gateway into many on-line white pages and other address databases.
	green IT	Technology assets, services, and operational best practices that allow organizations to reduce harmful environmental impacts while at the same time achieving their financial and risk imperatives within and outside of IT.
	Grid computing	applying the resources of many computers in a network to a single problem at the same time - usually to a scientific or technical problem that requires a great number of computer processing cycles or access to large amounts of data.
	groupware	Software tools and technology to support groups of people working together on a project, often at different sites